![]() ChromiumIII) crosslinked with polyacrylamide gels considered to be good choice materials to selectively restrict a flow to the water phase. The most widely used gel system, used in the past years, has been based on chromium(III) crosslinker. Among the advantages of gel application is their flexibility for pumping without a work-over rig, high control of setting time, a deeper penetration into the formation, ease of cleaning, lack of milling time, and an easy removal from the wellbore by water recirculation (4). Gels can be applied to both injection and production wells (3). Gel application is considered one of the most aggressive types of conformance control as it can totally block certain zones of porous medium (6). The most important target for gel placement is to ensure maximum gel penetration to high permeability, watered-out zones while minimize gel penetration to oil-bearing zones (1). ![]() The main objective of the gel placement is to diminish water production without significantly damaging oil productivity, leading to improved overall hydrocarbon recovery. In reverse, thermochemical treatment of Cr2O3 with magnesium carbonate lead to the formation of the Cr(III) compound MgCr2O4. Application of chemical based treatments, including polymers and gels are among the most widely used.Ĭrosslinked polymeric gel systems have been extensively used for water shutoff treatments to reduce water channeling through fractures and highly permeable zones. Conformance control describes any technique that encourages the drive mechanism to mobilize rather than avoid unswept hydrocarbon zones (5). ![]() There are many methods available to reduce water production problems, and conformance control methods are considered by far the most successful. Controlling water becomes a main objective as produced water significantly impacts economic profitability of the reservoir. The chromium(III) carbonate exhibits an L value of 50 to 70, an a value of -4. The obtained results clearly indicate effectiveness of water based gel application to significantly reduce permeability to water in carbonate rock, as well as verifying DPR phenomenon in carbonate porous medium.Įxcessive water production turns into a major problem for oilfield industry when hydrocarbon fields become mature. A chromium(III) carbonate which assumes a light blue color in a solid state. Gel stability study was carried out by subjecting gel to different pressure gradients under applied range of flow rates. The effect of residual oil saturation was also studied by conducting experiments with and without residual oil present prior to gel placement. If chromium ( III) oxide (also known as chrome green) is heated with potassium carbonate and potassium nitrate, the mixture slowly turns yellow. A series of brine and oil injections were performed to examine performance of gel, its stability and its contribution to DPR in carbonate porous medium. High molecular weight polyacrylamide and two crosslinkers, chromium(III)-acetate and chromium (III)-chloride, were used as main components of gel system. The main objective of this study is to verify the presence and extent of DPR effect when placing gels in carbonate porous medium. This phenomenon has been widely investigated in sandstone porous media however there is a lack of information available on gel performance in carbonate porous media. It is a common fact that many water based gels feature disproportionate permeability reduction (DPR) effect, resulting in significantly higher reduction in permeability to water compared to that of oil. The main target for gel placement is to reduce channeling through fractures or highpermeability zones, while redirecting flow to less permeable unswept zones (1). Amperometric determination of chromium (III) in the presence of chromate, using ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid.Different gel systems have been extensively used to reduce unwanted water production and improve overall hydrocarbon productivity in many reservoirs. KINETICS OF COMPLEX FORMATION OF METALS WITH ORGANIC LIGANDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. ![]() Extensive studies on the solubility of amorphous Cr(III) hydroxide solid in a wide range. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry 1977, 39 Chromium(III)-carbonate reactions are expected to be important in managing high-level radioactive wastes. The formation of tris(2,4-pentanediono)chromium(III) in the presence of trichloroethanoate and other carboxylate ions in aqueous solution. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry 1980, 42 The kinetics of formation of tris(2,4-pentanediono)chromium(III) in the absence and presence of the trichloroethanoate and other carboxylate ions in aqueous solution. Ion Chromatographic Determination of Some Metals as Anion Complex with EDTA. Kinetic Spectrophotometric Determination of Carbonate Ion in Water by the Complex Formation of Uranium(VI) with 2-(5-Bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(N-propyl-N-sulfopropylamino)phenol. List of Carbonate Compounds, Common Compounds of Carbonate CO3, Formula, Molecular Weight. Asuka Igarashi, Isoshi Nukatsuka, Kunio Ohzeki.
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